The following is a selection of online resources for research on the Bible and its historical and cultural contexts, including the archaeology of the Levant. We give priority to high-quality, nonconfessional resources, primarily in English, that are useful to scholars and accessible to general readers. Most resources are free to use, although some websites also offer paid content, tools, or subscriptions. Where relevant, brief annotations identify a resource’s religious perspective or institutional context to help readers assess its approach and scope.
- American Center of Research, Archaeology in Jordan
- American Society of Overseas Research
- American Society of Overseas Research, Affiliated Archaeological Projects
- Archaeological Institute of America, Fieldwork
- Archaeological Institute of America, Glossary
- Bar-Ilan University, Institute of Archaeology
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Bible Studies, Archeology and the Ancient Near East
- Bible & Archaeology
- Bible Geocoding
- Biblical Archaeology Society
- Biblical Archaeology Society, Digs
- École Biblique, List of Archaeological Sites
- Haaretz, Archaeology
- Israel Antiquities Authority
- Israel Antiquities Authority, Excavations and Surveys in Israel
- Israel Archaeological Association, Excavations (Hebrew)
- Israel Science and Technology Directory, Archaeology Databases
- Israeli Institute of Archaeology
- Tel Aviv University, Excavations and Projects
- Tel Aviv University, Institute of Archaeology
- Tel Aviv University, S. Daniel Abraham Center, West Bank and East Jerusalem Archaeological Database
- The Digital Archaeological Atlas of the Holy Land (Projects)
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Institute of Archaeology
- The Jerusalem Post, Archaeology
- The Shelby White and Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications, Project Maps (1997–2020)
- The Times of Israel, Archaeology
- University of Haifa, The Zinman Institute of Archaeology
- Wikipedia’s List of Archaeological Sites in Israel and Palestine
- Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East (APAAME)
- American Center of Research, Digital Archive
- Bible Land Images
- Bible Land Pictures
- BiblePlaces.com
- BibleWalks
- Holy Land Photos
- Library of Congress, G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection
- Palestine Exploration Fund, Photographs and Pictures
- The Temple Mount in Jerusalem
- University of Oxford, Manar al-Athar Digital Archive
- Accordance Bible Software (free trial; paid software and resources)
- Aleppo Codex (Internet Archive)
- Ancient Inscriptions from Israel/Palestine
- BibCrit: Biblical Textual Criticism (AI-assisted textual analysis)
- Bible Hub Interlinear (Christian study resource with an evangelistic mission)
- Bible Online Learner
- CACCHT: Creating Annotated Corpora of Classical Hebrew Texts (code and datasets)
- Cairo Codex of the Prophets: Digital Edition
- Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts
- Codex Alexandrinus (Internet Archive)
- Codex Sinaiticus
- Codex Vaticanus (DigiVatLib)
- Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon (CAL)
- DICTA: Analytical Tools for Hebrew Texts
- Digital Dead Sea Scrolls (Israel Museum)
- DigiVatLib: Digitized Collections of the Vatican Library
- Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer
- Etnachta: For the Study of Biblical Cantillation
- German Bible Society, Scholarly Bible Texts
- InscriptiFact: USC Digital Library Image Collection
- Israelite Samaritan Torah (Samaritan text and commentary; includes AI-assisted material)
- Ktiv: International Collection of Digitized Hebrew Manuscripts
- Leningrad Codex, Black and White (Internet Archive)
- Leningrad Codex, Color (Internet Archive)
- Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- Logeion (Greek and Latin dictionaries)
- Ma’agarim: Historical Dictionary of the Hebrew Language (Hebrew interface)
- Manuscripta Bibliae Hebraicae
- Masoretica: Biblical Manuscript Explorer
- MorphGNT: Morphologically Tagged SBL Greek New Testament
- New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room
- OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB)
- Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature
- Qumran-Digital: Text and Lexicon
- Scaife Viewer (Perseus) (Greek and Latin texts)
- Scripta Qumranica Electronica
- Scripture4All (concordant interlinear texts and software)
- Septuagint: LXX (Greek Orthodox resource)
- SHEBANQ: System for HEBrew Text: ANnotations for Queries and Markup
- Society of Biblical Literature Greek New Testament
- STEPBible (developed by Tyndale House, an evangelical institution)
- Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG) (free abridged corpus with registration; subscription required for the full corpus)
- T’OMIM: Tanakh Observable Matches of Intertextual Mimesis (parallel-passage dataset)
- West Semitic Research Project
- See also Online Digital Manuscripts and Editions.
- American Bible Society
- Bible Gateway
- Bible Hub (Christian study tools; evangelistic mission)
- Bible Study Tools (confessional Christian study resources)
- German Bible Society, Online Bibles
- New English Translation of the Septuagint
- Sefaria, Tanakh
- Ancient Jew Review
- Bible Odyssey
- Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI)
- Early Christian Writings
- Early Jewish Writings
- Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL)
- ETANA: Electronic Tools and Ancient Near Eastern Archives
- Internet Ancient History Sourcebook
- Internet Sacred Text Archive
- Livius.org
- Logos Bible Software (free app; paid resources and subscriptions)
- ORACC: Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
- Papyri.info
- Perseus Digital Library (Scaife Viewer)
- Religion Online
- Sefaria: A Living Library of Jewish Texts
- TheTorah.com
- Virtual Religion Index
- American Academy of Religion
- American Society for Premodern Asia (formerly American Oriental Society)
- American Society of Overseas Research
- Association for Jewish Studies
- British New Testament Society
- Canadian Society of Biblical Studies
- Catholic Biblical Association of America
- European Association for Jewish Studies
- European Association of Biblical Studies
- International Association for Assyriology
- International Organization for Qumran Studies
- International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies
- International Organization for Targumic Studies
- International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament (2025 congress website)
- National Association of Professors of Hebrew
- North American Patristics Society
- Old Testament Society in the Netherlands and Belgium
- Society for New Testament Studies
- Society for Old Testament Study
- Society of Biblical Literature
- Agade Archive and mailing list. Compiled and distributed by Jack M. Sasson, Agade provides news, publication announcements, and other information on ancient Near Eastern and biblical studies, late antiquity, Jewish studies, classics, and archaeology. To subscribe, send an email to listserv [at] unc.edu with “subscribe agade” in the subject line and as the first line of the message.
- Atla, Websites on Religion
- AWOL: The Ancient World Online
- Best Commentaries (evangelical-leaning recommendations)
- BiBIL: Bibliographie biblique informatisée de Lausanne (now accessible through Index Biblicus)
- BiblicalArchaeology.org.uk (Christian resource repository; evangelistic mission)
- Biblical Studies and Technological Tools
- Biblical Studies Carnival Master List (through October 2023)
- Biblical Studies Journal Alerts
- BiblicalStudies.org.uk (Christian resource repository; evangelistic mission)
- BiblIndex: Index of Biblical Quotations in Early Christian Literature
- Bryn Mawr Classical Review
- Charles Conroy’s Biblical Bibliographies and Related Material
- David Z. Moster’s Bible Links
- Denver Journal’s Annotated Old Testament Bibliography (2025; evangelical seminary bibliography)
- Denver Journal’s New Testament Exegesis Bibliography (2025; primarily evangelical selections)
- Index Biblicus: BILDI–IxTheo–BiBIL
- Index Theologicus
- International Organization for Qumran Studies, Resources
- J. David Stark’s The Ultimate Open Online Library Guide for Biblical Studies
- Jean-Louis Ska’s Old Testament Basic Bibliography
- KeiBi: Keilschriftbibliographie (new database; beta)
- Klaas Spronk’s Web-based Resources for the Study of the Old Testament (January 2022; Word document)
- Marc Brettler’s Tools for Studying the Hebrew Bible
- Online Resources for Biblical Studies
- OTTC: A Blog for Old Testament Textual Criticism
- PaleoJudaica
- RAMBI: Index of Articles on Jewish Studies
- RelBib: Bibliography of the Study of Religion
- Reviews of Biblical and Early Christian Studies
- SBL Central (book information, conference abstracts, and Review of Biblical Literature; membership required to read reviews)
- Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (Knowledge Commons group)
- The AWOL Index (2015 snapshot)
- The Biblical Toolkit
- The Digital Orientalist, Biblical Studies
- The Orion Center’s Online Dead Sea Scrolls Bibliography
- Torrey Seland’s Resource Pages for Biblical Studies
- University of Calgary, Religious Studies Web Guide
- University of Oxford, New Testament Studies Resources
- ZENON: German Archaeological Institute Library Catalogue
- University library research guides provide additional starting points for ancient Near Eastern, biblical, Jewish, and religious studies. Examples include guides maintained by Chicago, Duke, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale.
These resources include open access publications, digitized public-domain works, and other digital collections. Full-text access and download options vary by resource and publication.
- AWOL’s List of Open Access Ancient Language Textbooks, OERs, and Primers
- AWOL’s List of Open Access Journals in Ancient Studies
- AWOL’s List of Open Access Monograph Series in Ancient Studies
- Directory of Open Access Books
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google Books (full texts, limited previews, and bibliographic records)
- HathiTrust Digital Library (full-text access and download options vary)
- Internet Archive (digitized books and journals; access varies)
- JSTOR, Open and Free Content
- OAPEN Library
- Open Access Digital Theological Library
- Open Book Publishers
- OpenEdition Books (many open access titles; access varies by title and format)
- OpenEdition Journals
- Open Textbook Library
- Persée
- Princeton Theological Seminary, Theological Commons
- Project Gutenberg (primarily older, public-domain works)
- SBL Press, Ancient Near East Monographs
- SBL Press, International Voices in Biblical Studies
- University of Chicago, Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, Publications
- Many scholars also make versions of their publications available through Academia.edu, Knowledge Commons, ResearchGate, and institutional repositories. Some services require registration, and availability varies by publication.